在与本国人交谈时，你是否注意到这一现象：一个陌生人或一般关系的异性朋友离你很近与你交谈，你会感到很不舒服，於是你会有意或无意地往後移步与对方保持一定的交谈距离。而当你与熟悉的或亲密的朋友行走或交谈时，就会缩短交谈距离。根据不同物件的熟悉程度不时地调节适当的会话距离在同一国家人中是因人而异的。然而在跨文化交际或跨国经营合作中，你是否意识到与来自不同文化国家的人应保持一定的交际距离，使双方感到舒适。

本文提供实例进行分析，同时还提供在各种场合及不同人际关系的情况下交际双方所应保持得体的交际距离的研究成果，这必定会解开由不适当的会话距离而引起不适的奥秘。

一．案例

Eva came to the United States from Peru to study at an American college. She wanted to live with an American family to find out more about the American way of life and she wanted to improve her English.

The foreign student office of her college found the Larsen family for Eva to live with. Eva spoke with Mrs. Larsen on the phone. She sounded very warm and friendly to Eva. She told Eva she could move in the next day. Eva was very happy about it.

Eva arrived the next day with all her luggage. She was excited to meet the Larsens. She rang the doorbell. A tall, blond woman answered the door with a big smile on her face. She said, "Oh, you must be Eva! I'm so glad you're here! Let me help you with your bags. Come on in. I'm Hilda Larsen." She took one of Eva's bags into the house.

When they got inside, Mrs. Larsen put the bag down and stood across from Eva, about 3 feet away, she crossed her arms in front of her and asked Eva, "Tell me about your trip. I'd love to go to Peru someday."

Just then, her teenaged son walked in, hand in his pockets. "Jimmy, meet Eva. Maybe she can help you with your Spanish this semester." said his mother.

Jimmy said, "Hi, glad to meet you." His hands stayed in his pockets while he nodded his head.

Eva didn't know what to do with her hands. She felt uncomfortable. But she smiled and said, "Hi, nice to meet you."

The Larsens showed Eva her new room. Then they left her alone to unpack. Eva felt a little disappointed, but she didn't know exactly why. She thought Mrs. Larsen seemed so friendly on the phone. But now she wasn't sure. Jimmy also seemed a little cold, but maybe he was just shy.

Eva tried to decide what was wrong. She thought to her­self. If an American girl came to stay with me in Peru, she would get a warmer welcome than that. My mother would give her a big kiss, instead of just standing there, on the other side of the room. And my brother would give her a proper greeting. Well, people told me that Americans are cold. I guess they're right.

版权人: 庄恩平教授

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